Trout have three basic needs. 1.Shelter, 2.Protection, 3.Adequate Food. Ask yourself where does the water best meet 1 or all of these needs. Observing current patterns can help you pinpoint the location of underwater objects (Shelter), the sign of a current pushing against a bank can indicate an undercut, and the seam between the fast and slow water can be a great feeding spot. Spend time learning how to read the water and your surroundings.
Riffles are a great place to start. Always work your way up the river so you don't scare the fish.
Bushes covering the water offer a low shadow for trout to hide in. A key spot for fly fishing is standing in the center of a river casting towards the bank where a tree or bush is casting a shadow. Try to stay in faster water but no whitewater.
Water Temperature plays a key role. The headwaters (upper zone) are normally very cold with a low flow and a narrow streambed. These waters serve as a spawning and rearing area but to small to support large trout. This is sometimes a great place for Brook Trout.
The middle zone has cool water and is the most productive portion of the stream. You will find a higher population of adult trout due to the insect crop.
The lower zone is the larger part of the river with the streambed flattening. The water is warmer with a slower current and silty bottom. Few trout are supported here but occasionally some of the largest.
A good sign there is a hatch developing/in progress is when the swallows are in the air!
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